This is a very incomplete list of just a few top-notch scientists who are also Christians, listed alphabetically by last name. Note that I don't necessarily agree with everything each of the people listed believes, ex, Polkinghorne.
The list only includes people with earned doctorates in "hard" sciences, like biology, chemistry, physics, math, but not psychology, sociology, law, etc. I have also included doctorates in the philosophy or history of science. For those unfamiliar with the nomenclature, a DPhil (or ScD) degree is usually considered equivalent to a PhD. For example, the University of Oxford awards DPhil degrees.
Note that this list does not aim to prove anything about the truth of Christianity, it merely suggests that Christianity and science need not be foes as it is so often portrayed in popular media.
Denis Alexander – Chemistry
PhD Neurochemistry , University of London (King's College)
Video: Science and Faith: Friends or Foes? (BMS World Mission, November 2013)
James N. Anderson – Computer Science
PhD Computer Simulation , University of Edinburgh
PhD Theology , University of Edinburgh
Edgar H. Andrews – Physics
PhD , DSc Physics , University of London
Francisco J. Ayala – Biology
PhD Biology , Columbia University
Ruth Bancewicz – Biology
PhD Genetics , University of Edinburgh
Ian Barbour – Physics
PhD Physics , University of Edinburgh
DD , Yale Divinity School
Stephen Barr – Physics
PhD Physics , Princeton University
Video: Physics, the Nature of Time, and Theology (Franciscan University of Steubenville, 2011)
David J. Bartholomew – Statistics
PhD Statistics , University College London
Video: Victor Stenger's Scientific Critique of Christian Belief (Faraday Institute for Science and Religion, University of Cambridge, 2010)
Michael Behe – Chemistry
PhD Biochemistry , University of Pennsylvania
Video: Evidence of Design from Biology (University of Toronto, 2013)
John A. Bloom – Physics
PhD Physics , Cornell University
PhD Ancient Near Eastern Studies , Annenberg Research Institute
MDiv , Biblical Theological Seminary
Video: How the Universe Points Toward a Creator (Saddleback Church, 2012)
Raymond Bohlin – Biology
PhD Molecular & Cell Biology , University of Texas at Dallas
Video: How Biology Points Toward God (Saddleback Church, 2012)
Walter L. Bradley – Engineering
PhD Materials Science and Engineering , University of Texas at Austin
Cullen R. Buie – Engineering
PhD Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University
Video: What Is Your Faith In? God, Science, and Self (Tufts University, 2012)
Christopher Cagan – Math
PhD Math , University of California, Los Angeles
MDiv , Talbot Theological Seminary (BIOLA)
PhD Religion , Claremont Graduate School
Ben Carson – Medicine (Neurosurgeon)
MD , University of Michigan Medical School
Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (highest civilian honor the USA awards)
Subject of full-length movie "Gifted Hands" retelling his life story, played by Cuba Gooding Jr
Awarded more than 50 honorary doctorate degrees
Video: National Prayer Breakfast 2013 (Washington DC, President Obama present, 2013)
Robert W. Carter – Biology
PhD Marine Biology , University of Miami
Joan Centrella – Astrophysics
PhD Astronomy , University of Cambridge
Dorothy Chappell – Biology
PhD Biology , Miami University (Ohio)
Paul Chien – Biology
PhD Biology , University of California at Irvine
Francis Collins – Chemistry
PhD Physical Chemistry , Yale University
MD , University of North Carolina
Former director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (sequenced the human genome)
Video: The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence of Belief (California Institute of Technology, 2009)
Russell Cowburn – Physics
PhD Physics , University of Cambridge
Catherine Crouch – Physics
PhD Physics , Harvard University
William Dembski – Math, Philosophy
PhD Math , University of Chicago
PhD Philosophy , University of Illinois at Chicago
MDiv , Princeton University
Satyan Devadoss – Mathematics
PhD Mathematics , John Hopkins University
Video: God, Math, and the Multiverse (California Institute of Technology, 2011)
David DeWitt – Biology
PhD Biology , Case Western Reserve University
Don B DeYoung – Physics
PhD Physics , Iowa State University
Sharon Dirckx – Neurology
PhD Brain Imaging , University of Cambridge
Video: Why? Looking at God, Evil and Personal Suffering (OCCA Oxford, 2012)
Jonathan Doye – Chemistry
PhD Chemistry , University of Cambridge
George Ellis – Physics
PhD Applied Maths and Theoretical Physics , University of Cambridge
Stephen Freeland – Biology
PhD Genetics , University of Cambridge
David Glass – Physics
PhD Theoretical Atomic Physics , Queens University Belfast
MA Philosophy , Queens University Belfast
Video: Design in Biology & Physics (University of Cambridge, 2012)
Guillermo Gonzalez – Astronomy
PhD Astronomy , University of Washington
Bruce Gordon – Philosophy of Science
PhD History and Philosophy of Science , Northwestern University
Video: What Contemporary Physics & Philosophy Tell us About Nature & God (with Robert J. Spitzer; Discovery Institute, 2010)
Andrew Gosler – Biology
DPhil Eco-morphology , University of Oxford
Deborah Haarsma – Physics
PhD Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Loren Haarsma – Physics
PhD Physics , Harvard University
Mark Harris – Physics
PhD Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge
Brad Harrub – Medicine
PhD Anatomy and Neurobiology , University of Tennessee Medical School
Daniel Hastings – Aeronautics
PhD Aeronautics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Rhoda J. Hawkins – Physics
PhD Physics , University of Leeds
Katharine Hayhoe – Atmospheric Science
PhD Atmospheric Science , University of Illinois
Antony Hewish – Astronomy
PhD Astronomy , University of Cambridge
1974 Nobel Laureate in Physics
Rodney Holder – Astrophysics
DPhil Astrophysics , University of Oxford
Sir Colin Humphreys – Physics (Head of Materials Science & Metallurgy dept)
PhD , University of Cambridge
DSc (Honorary) , University of Leicester
Video: Religion and Science (The British Library)
Ian H. Hutchinson – Nuclear Science, Engineering
PhD Engineering Physics , Australian National University
Randy Ingermanson – Physics
PhD Theoretical Physics , University of California, Berkeley
Pierre Gunnar Jerlström – Biology
PhD Molecular Biology , Griffith University
Stuart Judge – Neuroscience
PhD Neuroscience , University of Keele
Robert Kaita – Physics
PhD Nuclear Physics , Rutgers University
Bryan Karney – Engineering
PhD Civil Engineering , University of British Columbia
Michael N. Keas – History of Science
PhD History of Science , University of Oklahoma
Carl S Keener – Biology
PhD Biology , North Carolina State University
Donald Knuth – Computer Science
PhD Math , California Institute of Technology
Author of "Art of Computer Programming," referred to as "The bible of all fundamental [computer programming] algorithms"
Video: Authors@Google: Science & Faith (Google Headquarters, 2009)
Denis O. Lamoureux – Biology , Dentistry
PhD Biology , University of Alberta
PhD Theology , University of St. Michael’s College
DDS Dental Surgery , University of Alberta
John Lennox – Math
PhD Math , University of Cambridge
DSc Math , University of Wales, Cardiff
DPhil , University of Oxford
Video: God vs Science? (Stellenbosch University, 2013)
Video: Does Science Need God? Q&A (University of Michigan, 2013)
Arthur C. Lind – Physics
PhD Physics , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Jason Lisle – Astrophysics
PhD Astrophysics , University of Colorado
Ard Louis – Physics
PhD Theoretical Physics , Cornell University
Ernest Lucas – Biology
PhD Biology , University of Kent
PhD Old Testament , University of Liverpool
Heinz Lycklama – Physics
PhD Physics , McMaster University
Alister E. McGrath – Molecular Biophysics
DPhil Molecular Biophysics , University of Oxford
DPhil Theology , University of Oxford
Video: Overcoming the Faith and Science Divide
Robert Marks – Engineering
PhD Electrical Engineering , Texas Tech University
Jim Mason – Physics
PhD Experimental Nuclear Physics , McMaster University
David Menton – Biology
PhD Cell Biology , Brown University
Alexander Metherell – Engineering, Medicine
PhD Engineering , University of Bristol
MD , University of Miami
Stephen C. Meyer – Philosophy of Science
PhD Philosophy of Science , University of Cambridge
Kenneth R Miller – Biology
PhD Biology , University of Colorado
Henry M. Morris , Engineering
PhD Hydraulic Engineering , University of Minnesota
Simon Conway Morris , Palaeobiology
PhD Palaeobiology , University of Cambridge
Paul A. Nelson , Philosophy of Science
PhD Philosophy of Biology and Evolutionary Theory , University of Chicago
Barth Netterfield , Astrophysics
PhD Physics , Princeton University
Video: The Heavens Declare the Glory of God (Unknown location)
Robert C. Newman , Astrophysics
PhD Theoretical Astrophysics , Cornell University
Martin A. Nowak , Biology, Math
PhD Biochemistry & Math , University of Vienna
Don N. Page , Physics
PhD Physics , California Institute of Technology
Post-doctoral work with Stephen Hawking at University of Cambridge
Gary Parker , Biology
EdD Biology & Geology , Ball State University
Perry G. Phillips , Astrophysics
PhD Astrophysics , Cornell University
MDiv , Biblical Theological Seminary
MA Hebrew , Jerusalem University College
William D. Phillips , Physics
PhD Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
1997 Nobel Laureate in Physics
Rosalind Picard , Computer Science
ScD Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
John Polkinghorne , Physics
PhD Physics , University of Cambridge
Vern S. Poythress , Math
PhD Math , Harvard University
MLitt New Testament , University of Cambridge
ThD New Testament , University of Stellenbosch
Video: Why the Beginning is Important, and Why People Fight About It (Patrick Henry College, 2013)
Lawrence M. Principe – Chemistry
PhD Organic Chemisty , Indiana University at Bloomington
PhD History of Science , John Hopkins
Alexander R. Pruss – Math, Philosophy
PhD Math , University of British Columbia
PhD Philosophy , University of Pittsburgh
Vinoth Ramachandra – Nuclear Engineering
PhD Nuclear Engineering , University of London
Fazale Rana – Chemistry
PhD Biochemistry , Ohio University
Michael Ratcliffe – Medicine
PhD Immunology , University of London
Barry Ritchie – Physics
PhD Physics , University of South Carolina
David Rogstad – Physics
PhD Physics , California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Hugh Ross – Astrophysics
PhD Astrophysics , University of Toronto
Video: Scientific Evidence for the Christian Faith (Christ's Church in the Valley, 2012)
Allan Sandage – Astronomy
PhD Astronomy , California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Described as the most influential astronomer of the last half-century. (Telegraph UK)
John C Sanford – Horticulture
PhD Plant Breeding/Plant Genetics , University of Wisconsin-Madison
Jonathan Sarfati – Chemistry
PhD Physical Chemistry , Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Henry F. Schaefer III – Chemistry
PhD Chemical Physics , Stanford University
Jeff Schloss – Biology
PhD Ecology , Washington University
Rupert Sheldrake – Biochemistry
PhD Biochemistry , University of Cambridge
Neil Shenvi – Chemistry
PhD Theoretical Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley
Richard E. Smalley – Chemistry
PhD Chemistry , Princeton University
1996 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
David W. Snoke – Physics
PhD Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Andrew Steane – Physics
DPhil Physics , University of Oxford
Brian Stone – Engineering
PhD, DEng Mechanical Engineering , University of Bristol
Michael Strauss – Physics
PhD High Energy Physics , University of California at Los Angeles
Video: Scientific Evidence for the Existence of God (Stanford University, 2002)
Esther Su – Chemistry
PhD Biochemistry , University of Michigan
John Suppe – Geology
PhD Structural Geology , Yale University
Lionel Tarassenko – Biomedicine
DPhil Medical Electronics , University of Oxford
James M Tour – Chemistry
PhD Chemistry , Purdue University
Video: Science & Faith (100 Huntley Street)
Video: Nanotech and Jesus Christ (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012)
Charles Townes – Physics
PhD Physics , California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
1964 Nobel Laureate in Physics
Tyler VanderWeele – Health Science
PhD Biostatistics, Harvard University
Troy Van Voorhis – Chemistry
PhD Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley
Video: Is Science Enough? (California Institute of Technology, 2013)
Larry Vardiman – Meteorology
PhD Atmospheric Science , Colorado State University
Tas Walker – Engineering
PhD Mechanical Engineering , University of Queensland
Ming Wang – Medicine
MD , Harvard Medical School
PhD Laser Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Mark S. Whorton – Engineering
PhD Aerospace Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology
Leslie Wickman – Biology
PhD Human Factors & Biomechanics , Stanford University
Video: Science & Faith: A Spectrum of Views on Origins (Rose Drive Friends Church, 2014)
Jay Wile – Chemistry
PhD Nuclear Chemistry , University of Rochester
Jennifer Wiseman – Astrophysics
PhD Astronomy , Harvard University
Todd Wood – Biochemistry
PhD Biochemistry , University of Virginia
Jeffery Zweerink – Astrophysics
PhD Astrophysics , Iowa State University